AIA’s 10 Steps to Reduce Embodied Carbon in Building Design
The American Institute of Architects (AIA) developed 10 steps to reduce embodied carbon in buildings. These steps help designers create sustainable, low-carbon structures. By applying these principles, architects can minimize environmental impact while improving energy efficiency.
What Is Embodied Carbon?
Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions from material extraction, production, transportation, and construction. Unlike operational carbon, it is locked into materials and cannot be reduced after construction. Therefore, designers must focus on early planning and material selection.
The 10 Steps to Reduce Embodied Carbon
1. Set Carbon Reduction Goals
Architects should establish clear carbon targets early in the design process. Goals should align with industry benchmarks and certifications.
2. Reuse Existing Buildings and Materials
Renovating structures and repurposing materials reduces waste and cuts carbon emissions from new material production.
3. Optimize Structural Systems
Using less material while maintaining strength lowers embodied carbon. Engineers should explore lightweight, high-performance designs.
4. Prioritize Low-Carbon Materials
Select materials with Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) to compare carbon footprints. Choose low-carbon concrete, steel, and insulation.
5. Design for Material Efficiency
Minimize excess material use by simplifying layouts, reducing finishes, and using prefabrication.
6. Use Carbon-Sequestering Materials
Incorporate wood, bamboo, and bio-based products that store carbon rather than emit it.
7. Choose Low-Carbon Concrete Mixes
Replace high-carbon cement with alternatives like fly ash, slag, or limestone calcined clay cement (LC3).
8. Reduce Finish Materials
Exposed structural elements eliminate unnecessary coatings, flooring, and drywall, lowering material-related emissions.
9. Optimize Construction Waste Management
Use offsite prefabrication and recycling programs to minimize waste and landfill impact.
10. Plan for Future Adaptability and Deconstruction
Design buildings for disassembly and reuse to extend material life and reduce demolition waste.
How Designers Can Apply These Steps
Architects should integrate embodied carbon analysis into early design stages. They can use Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) to compare materials. Collaborating with engineers, contractors, and suppliers ensures carbon-conscious choices throughout the project.
Conclusion
Reducing embodied carbon starts with smart design, material selection, and construction methods. By following AIA’s 10 steps, architects can create sustainable, high-performance buildings with a lower environmental impact.
